Wilhelm and jacob grimm biography channel

The rise of romanticism , romantic nationalism , and trends in valuing popular culture in the early 19th century revived interest in fairy tales, which had declined since their late 17th-century peak. They collected and published their tales as a reflection of German cultural identity. In the first collection, though, they included Charles Perrault 's tales, published in Paris in and written for the literary salons of an aristocratic French audience.

Scholar Lydie Jean says that Perrault created a myth that his tales came from the common people and reflected existing folklore to justify including them—even though many of them were original. Versions of tales differ from region to region, "picking up bits and pieces of local culture and lore, drawing a turn of phrase from a song or another story, and fleshing out characters with features taken from the audience witnessing their performance.

But Tatar argues that the Grimms appropriated as uniquely German stories, such as " Little Red Riding Hood ", that had existed in many versions and regions throughout Europe, because they believed that such stories reflected Germanic culture. When Jacob returned to Marburg from Paris in , their friend Brentano sought the brothers' help in adding to his collection of folk tales, at which time the brothers began to gather tales in an organized fashion.

These tales were heavily modified in transcription; many had roots in previously written sources. It is the earliest extant version of the Grimms' collection and has become a valuable source to scholars studying the development of the Grimms' collection from the time of its inception. The manuscript was published in and again in The brothers gained a reputation for collecting tales from peasants, although many tales came from middle-class or aristocratic acquaintances.

Wilhelm's wife, Henriette Dorothea Dortchen Wild, and her family, with their nursery maid, told the brothers some of the more well-known tales, such as "Hansel and Gretel" and " Sleeping Beauty ". Despite her middle-class background, in the first English translation she was characterized as a peasant and given the name Gammer Gretel.

According to scholars such as Tatar and Ruth Bottigheimer, some of the tales probably originated in written form during the medieval period with writers such as Straparola and Boccaccio , but were modified in the 17th century and again rewritten by the Grimms. Moreover, Tatar writes that the brothers' goal of preserving and shaping the tales as something uniquely German at a time of French occupation was a form of "intellectual resistance", and in so doing they established a methodology for collecting and preserving folklore that set the model followed later by writers throughout Europe during periods of occupation.

From onward, the brothers added to the collection. Jacob established the framework, maintained through many iterations; from until his death, Wilhelm assumed sole responsibility for editing and rewriting the tales. He made the tales stylistically similar, added dialogue, removed pieces "that might detract from a rustic tone", improved the plots, and incorporated psychological motifs.

He believes that Wilhelm "gleaned" bits from old Germanic faiths , Norse mythology, Roman and Greek mythology , and biblical stories that he reshaped. Over the years, Wilhelm worked extensively on the prose; he expanded and added detail to the stories to the point that many of them grew to twice the length they had in the earliest published editions.

After he began writing original tales for children children were not initially considered the primary audience and adding didactic elements to existing tales. Some changes were made in light of unfavorable reviews, particularly from those who objected that not all the tales were suitable for children because of scenes of violence and sexuality.

The Grimms' legacy contains legends, novellas , and folk stories, the vast majority of which were not intended as children's tales. Von Arnim was concerned about the content of some of the tales—such as those that showed children being eaten—and suggested adding a subtitle to warn parents of the content. Instead the brothers added an introduction with cautionary advice that parents steer children toward age-appropriate stories.

Despite von Arnim's unease, none of the tales were eliminated from the collection; the brothers believed that all the tales were of value and reflected inherent cultural qualities. For example, in the Grimms' original version of " Snow White ", the Queen is Little Snow White's mother, not her stepmother, but still orders her Huntsman to kill Snow White her biological daughter and bring home the child's lungs and liver so that she can eat them; the story ends with the Queen dancing at Snow White's wedding, wearing a pair of red-hot iron shoes that kill her.

To some extent the cruelty and violence may reflected the medieval culture from which the tales originated, such as scenes of witches burning, as described in " The Six Swans ". Tales with a spinning motif are broadly represented in the collection. In her essay "Tale Spinners: Submerged Voices in Grimms' Fairy Tales", Bottigheimer argues that these stories reflect the degree to which spinning was crucial in the life of women in the 19th century and earlier.

Spinning, particularly of flax , was commonly performed in the home by women. Many stories begin by describing the occupation of their main character, as in "There once was a miller", yet spinning is never mentioned as an occupation; this appears to be because the brothers did not consider it an occupation. Instead, spinning was a communal activity, frequently performed in a Spinnstube spinning room , a place where women most likely kept the oral traditions alive by telling stories while engaged in tedious work.

The Grimms' work have been subjected to feminist critique. For example, Emma Tennant writes:. But the worst of it was that two men—the Brothers Grimm—listened to these old tales told by mothers to their daughters; and they decided to record them for posterity. But the Brothers Grimm could understand only the tales of courage and manliness and chivalry on the part of the boys.

Always we must read that our heroine is a Beauty. The tales were also criticized for being insufficiently German, which influenced the tales that the brothers included and their use of language. Some critics, such as Alistair Hauke, use Jungian analysis to say that the deaths of the brothers' father and grandfather are the reason for the Grimms' tendency to idealize and excuse fathers, as well as the predominance of female villains in the tales, such as the wicked stepmother and stepsisters in "Cinderella".

The collection includes 41 tales about siblings, which Zipes says are representative of Jacob and Wilhelm. Many of the sibling stories follow a simple plot where the characters lose a home, work industriously at a specific task, and in the end find a new home. The Large editions contained all the tales collected to date, extensive annotations, and scholarly notes written by the brothers; the Small editions had only 50 tales and were intended for children.

Emil Grimm , Jacob and Wilhelm's younger brother, illustrated the Small editions, adding Christian symbolism to the drawings, such as depicting Cinderella's mother as an angel and adding a Bible to the bedside table of Little Red Riding Hood's grandmother. The first volume was published in with 86 folk tales, [ 22 ] and a second volume with 70 additional tales was published late in dated on the title page ; together the two volumes and their tales are considered the first of the annotated Large editions.

The seventh and final edition of contained tales— numbered folk tales and 11 legends. The stories were often added to collections by other authors without respect to copyright as the tales became a focus of interest for children's book illustrators, [ 39 ] with well-known artists such as Arthur Rackham , Walter Crane , and Edmund Dulac illustrating.

Another popular edition released in the midth century included elaborate etchings by George Cruikshank. Jacob's and Wilhelm's collection of stories has been translated to more than languages; different editions of the text are available for sale in the US alone. While at the University of Marburg , the brothers came to see culture as tied to language and regarded the purest cultural expression in the grammar of a language.

They moved away from Brentano's practice—and that of the other romanticists—who frequently changed original oral styles of folk tale to a more literary style, which the brothers considered artificial. They thought that the style of the people the volk reflected a natural and divinely inspired poetry naturpoesie —as opposed to the kunstpoesie art poetry , which they saw as artificially constructed.

The brothers strongly believed that the dream of national unity and independence relied on a full knowledge of the cultural past that was reflected in folklore. The Grimms considered the tales to have origins in traditional Germanic folklore, which they thought had been "contaminated" by later literary tradition. Between and the brothers published a two-volume work, Deutsche Sagen German Legends , consisting of German legends.

Unlike the collection of folk tales, Deutsche Sagen sold poorly, [ 46 ] but Zipes says that the collection, translated to French and Danish in the 19th century but not to English until , is a "vital source for folklorists and critics alike". Not until did they begin publishing the dictionary in installments. The brothers responded with modifications and rewrites to increase the book's market appeal to that demographic.

In the 20th century the work was second only to the Bible as the most popular book in Germany. Its sales generated a mini-industry of critiques, which analyzed the tales' folkloric content in the context of literary history, socialism, and psychological elements often along Freudian and Jungian lines. In their research, the brothers made a science of the study of folklore see folkloristics , generating a model of research that "launched general fieldwork in most European countries", [ 49 ] and setting standards for research and analysis of stories and legends that made them pioneers in the field of folklore in the 19th century.

In Nazi Germany the Grimms' stories were used to foster nationalism as well as to promote antisemitic sentiments in an increasingly hostile time for Jewish people. In both stories the children are violently killed and mutilated. In both stories a Jewish man is depicted as deceitful for the sake of money. Wilhelm, seen as the more easygoing of the two with a passion for the arts, served as editor on future editions of Tales.

While Jacob remained single, in the mids, Wilhelm married Dortchen Wild, with whom he would have four children. The two left the university in the mids—the result of being banished by the king of Hanover after they protested changes he'd made to the region's constitution. In , the brothers decided to settle in Berlin, Germany, where they became members of the Royal Academy of Science and lectured at university.

They subsequently took on a massive project—a comprehensive dictionary of the German language. The book reached completion years after Wilhelm's passing. Wilhelm Grimm died on December 16, , in Berlin, Germany. Throughout his life, he authored or co-authored nearly two dozen books. At present, her company has a long list of clients whom she helps transform her spaces into places of inspiration and serenity.

In January , the series Tidying Up with Marie Kondo was launched from Netflix, in which Kondo is seen visiting and organizing homes based on her method. Swiss writer considered one of the most relevant writers of recent years. Before devoting himself fully to writing he studied for a short time Drama in Paris, and Law at the University of Geneva, a career that ended in ; Dicker rose to fame that same year, winning the prestigious Prix des Ecrivains Genevois award , an award aimed at highlighting unpublished works.

Their success turned Dicker into a phenomenon of international sales. Son of a high school teacher and a bookstore ; he has three brothers. Dicker spent his childhood in Geneva, the city where he began his academic training. While studying he began to be interested in writing, an interest he cultivated by becoming the manager of nature and animal magazine.

It is worth mentioning that although he was attracted to writing, he did not like to study. At the end of this training period, he moved to Paris, where he began taking acting classes at the renowned French drama school, Cours Florent. After a year he dropped out of school and returned to his hometown, where shortly thereafter he began studying law at the University of Geneva.

Five years later he graduated, obtaining the title of Lawyer. The trajectory of the young writer began in the mids, at which time he published the story, The Tiger , a work he presented in a youth literary contest but was dismissed since for the judges it was suspected that such work was written by someone so young. In the story, he deepens on topics such as existential dilemmas, violence, the possibility of redemption and the great questions that human beings pose, this was set in the government of the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II.

Five years later he won the Prix des Ecrivains Genevois prize, awarded by the Geneva Writers Society for the best manuscript not published for the work The Last Days of Our Fathers, written that was published a year later thanks to the prize. In , the work was adapted to television in the miniseries format, which was directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and starring Patrick Dempsey.

Three years after the publication of The Truth About The Harry Quebert Case , The Baltimore Book came out, written that continues the investigations of the young writer Marcus Goldman , this time he investigates the Goldman family of Baltimore, from the period of opulence to the decline of the family and the emergence of drama. The most recent work of the author is The Disappearance of Stephanie Mailer , a thriller that revolves around the mysterious disappearance of a journalist who at that time had discovered the irregularities of an old homicide case, by revealing this information to the police officer in charge of case disappears.

Historian and political theorist, he was one of the founders and theorists of modern socialism. The Count of Saint-Simon was part of the military who fought in the War of Independence of the United States , later joined the revolutionary cause in Paris becoming a Republican. He was born into an aristocratic family. Due to family tradition, he began his military career at an early age actively participating in the United States War of Independence , in favor of the colonies.

After returning to the country began the revolutionary movement that ended in the outbreak of the French Revolution , political and social conflict that marked the history of the eighteenth century, driving profound changes in various parts of the world as the establishment of the republican model. During the development of the revolution, Saint-Simon became a Republican and was appointed president of the Paris Commune in In the course of his government he was accused of speculation of national assets and criticized for his close relationship with Georges-Jacques Danton, which caused him to be detained between and During the Directory , Saint-Simon lived on comfortably, since he had a good fortune, at that time his home was visited by prominent figures of the time such as Gaspard Monge, Joseph-Louis de Lagrange, and Guillaume Dupuytren.

Later, he traveled to Germany, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland, in the course of the trip he began writing his first works. After spending several years living comfortably, his fortune began to decrease, which is why he faced serious economic problems. To sustain himself he wrote several scientific and philosophical articles with which he managed to stabilize his economic situation.

If France lost its main physicists, chemists, bankers, merchants, farmers, blacksmiths, etc. On the other hand, if I lost all the men considered most important in the State, the fact would not bring more pain than the sentimental one. This statement was seen negatively and he was prosecuted for it. After the publication of the book, he was ruined again, which is why he planned to take his life off of a shot.

However, he failed and was injured in one eye, a short time later driven by one of his disciples decided to create the newspaper Le Producteur, but shortly before his appearance, he passed away. The renowned French theorist died on May 19, , in Paris. After his death, his approaches and ideas were disseminated by his disciples who created the ideological movement known as Saint-simonianism which was of great relevance in later generations influencing the formation of utopian socialism.

In this, he stated that the government should be managed by industrialists such as workers, peasants, and owners, mentioned that the place that clerics had in the social order should be occupied by scientists; religion should guide social classes so that they improve their quality of life. Finally, he mentioned that the redistribution of goods should be based on the capacity of each individual.

These ideas influenced the work of Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill, and various socialist philosophers. An Italian businessman and fashion designer, co-founder Founder of the leather Peter Drucker biography Peter Drucker November 19, — November 11, writer, consultant, entrepreneur, and journalist.

Wilhelm and jacob grimm biography channel

He was born Paul Allen biography Paul Gardner Allen January 21, entrepreneur, business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He was born in Seattle, He was born in Great Connect with us. You may like. Author Yukio Mishima. Continue Reading. Author Walter Scott. Author Marie Kondo. Of course, discontent swept through the country, but only seven scholars had enough courage to openly protest.

The Brothers Grimm were among these seven brave men. King Ernst August immediately responded to this protest with the dismissal of the seven professors and drove away those who were not born in Hanover. Within three days the Brothers Grimm had to leave town and temporarily settled in Kassel. Public opinion in Germany supported the famous scientists: a petition in favor if the Grimms was opened and the two most famous publishers in Germany, Reymer and Girtsel, offered to publish a German dictionary compiled on a broad scientific basis.

Brothers Grimm accepted this suggestion without hesitation and after quite a long preparation they started to work. But they did not have to stay in Kassel for long - their friends helped them. When in he came to the throne, the Brothers Grimm were called in Berlin immediately. They were elected to the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and as academics have been granted the right to read lectures at Berlin University.

Soon after Wilhelm and Jakob Grimm began to read lectures at the university and lived in Berlin until their death.