Balochistan history in hindi

The former spent all his life seeking knowledge of Balochi literature rather than being socially or politically active. Balochi poets have written about various topics, including love, nature, patriotism, and social injustice. Poetry can be seen as the highest form of expression in the Balochi language. Words are not just strung together but have a deep meaning and purpose.

Balochi folktales are an essential part of the Balochi oral tradition. These stories have been passed down from generation to generation and often teach moral lessons. Balochi folklore consists of stories about bravery and courage. Many of these stories feature animals as the main characters. Balochi folktales often teach moral lessons, such as the importance of being kind, helpful, and truthful.

Balochi culture is also evident in the traditional Balochi dress. These changes make it evident enough to be recognized as Balochi dressing. The dressing style of Balochi, Pashtoon, and Brahvi is quite similar, with few changes. In all of the tribes, men wear turbans as headwear. In addition, they wear wide, loose shalwars with a knee-long shirt called a kameez.

Women wear a typically embroidered shirt with a big pocket in front; the embroidery consists of small, rounded mirror pieces embedded in the shirt, which makes it beautiful. Balochi dressing is simple but elegant. The people of Balochistan are very hospitable, and their culture is rich. Balochi usually has only two meals a day, one at dawn, called Nahaar, and the other at dusk, called Chaehar.

The food is simple but filling and nutritious. The most common dish is Sajji, a chicken or mutton dish roasted on skewers over coal. It is served with plain rice and a salad. People usually eat this dish with knives, but Balochis prefer to eat It with their hands. Another popular dish is Dal, a thick lentil soup often eaten with flatbread.

However, Balochis love to have vegetables, butter, and milk in their meals. Balochi has an enormous variety to serve for dessert, but they especially love Muddar and Kappo. Muddar is a popular Balochi dessert made of dates and easy to prepare. Balochi people are keen and enthusiastic about celebrating religious and social festivals.

On these festive occasions, people tend to decorate their houses, wear new bright-colored dresses, and cook unique dishes. These religious festivals and Baloch culture are full of many social festive events, which are a sight to behold when celebrated. Sibi festival is celebrated with folk music performances, cultural dances, handicrafts stalls, and other entertaining activities.

This festival has roots connected to Mehergar, an ancient human civilization archaeological site. The fest attracts people from across the country. Another festival, Buzkashi, is celebrated in which a dead goat is placed in a field, and players on horseback try to snatch it and take it to the goalpost. The festival shows the courage and bravery of the Baloch people.

Turkic people first played this game. Baloch Culture Day is celebrated on March 2 every year to preserve the cultural heritage of the Baloch people. Different stalls are also set up, showcasing traditional food, clothes, handicrafts, and other items of the Baloch culture. Folk dances and music are also performed on this day. According to archeology reports, the Baloch culture is said to be one of the oldest and strongest cultures in the world.

Baloch traits like bravery, hospitality, and keeping promises are showcased in their culture through different activities. Culture Day is a way to preserve and promote Baloch culture so that the new generation knows their roots and is proud of their culture. Balochi embroidery is one of the most popular arts and crafts in Balochi culture, and women do it passionately.

The Balochi embroidery is stunning and intricate. It is done on both clothing and household items. The most common designs are geometric shapes, flowers, and paisleys. The embroidery is usually done in bright colors like red, green, blue, and yellow. Many Nawabs and tribal leaders attended his address to the Baluchistan League and he was eventually invited as a guest of the Khan of Kalat.

As a result of Jinnah's visit, the Muslim Students Federation was formed. Later, the Baluchistan League returned to idleness and internal bickering. However, after the Simla Conference , the Muslim League intensified its activism. Jinnah, in his second visit to Baluchistan in late , again reiterated his call that the province be granted political reforms.

The Muslim League held several rallies and counteracted the Congress propaganda. On 29 January , a call for a strike in response to the arrest of the Muslim League leaders received an "almost complete" response in Quetta. What this manipulation indicates is that even before formally becoming a part of Pakistan, Balochistan had fallen a prey to political victimization.

The Congress , knowing that union with India would be unrealistic due to demographic and geographic reasons, propagated the notion that Pakistan would be too economically weak. But the British refused the request. Ahmed Yar Khan who was the ruler of Kalat both supported the establishment of Pakistan and wanted to become independent. According to the Indian Government, Kalat had been an Indian and not independent state.

Thus, the 3 June plan required that it choose either accession to India or Pakistan. Kalat and Pakistan also disputed over whether the agreements over the leased areas were personal to Kalat and the British Government. Mountbatten also claimed that International law dictated that such treaties were inherited upon a transfer of power. He also brought up the option of referring the dispute to an Arbitral Tribunal in case a resolution could not be reached.

Ahmad Yar Khan's choice was to either accept that Kalat was an Indian state and regain the leased territories or persist claiming that it was non-Indian and lose the leased areas. Ahmad Yar Khan had insisted on the non-Indian status so that he could avoid India's political and constitutional evolution. But Pakistan used that same argument to keep control over the leased areas.

Talks between Kalat and Pakistan started in September The negotiations showed that while Pakistan had accepted Kalat's claim of holding a non-Indian status, it still wanted accession on the same lines as the other states. Through these negotiations, the British Paramountcy was effectively transferred to Pakistan. Feeling that Khan did not want to accede explicitly, Jinnah invited him in October to convince him.

Ahmad Yar Khan took this as an opportunity to convince Jinnah for a treaty which would allow Pakistan's government equal control over Kalat but without a full accession. Jinnah was unprepared for this and asked for an Instrument of Accession. In acceptance of the decision of the Indian government the Pakistani government regarded Las Bela and Kharan as being a part of the Baluch-Brahui confederacy led by Kalat's ruler.

Kharan's chief, knowing the difficulties around Kalat's accession, tried to accede to Pakistan in November. The Jam of Las Bela wrote similarly. But the Pakistani government ignored their enthusiasm while discussions about accession were being held with Kalat. Kalat's feudatory states, Las Bela and Kharan, and its district of Makran, requested Pakistan to be allowed to accede separately, stating that "if Pakistan was not prepared to accept their offers of accession immediately, they would be compelled to take other steps for their protection against Khan of Kalat.

The British High Commission opined that the Khan would be left without any territory if he delayed. The Commonwealth Relations Office noted "There are a number of Kalat sardars in Karachi offering their accession to Pakistan, and Pakistan Government may repeat procedure followed in case of Mekran and accept these offers, leaving the Khan practically without territory.

The Khan of Kalat then stopped carrying out his obligation to provide the Makran Levy Corps with food supplies. However, the Khan of Kalat decided to accede even before the proposed Pakistani action in Makran was implemented. Hearing this radio announcement became the reason for the Khan's decision to accede to Pakistan on that same day.

The signing of the Instrument of Accession by the Khan of Kalat, led his brother, Prince Abdul Karim, to revolt against his brother's decision [ 65 ] in July However, he ultimately surrendered to Pakistan in Nawab Nauroz Khan , Chief of Jhalawan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy, which decreased government representation for tribal leaders, from to He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan, and were arrested, charged with treason, and imprisoned in Hyderabad.

Five of his family members, sons and nephews, were subsequently hanged on charges of treason and aiding in the murder of Pakistani troops. Nawab Nauroz Khan later died in captivity. After the second conflict, a Baloch separatist movement gained momentum in the s, following the introduction of a new constitution in which limited provincial autonomy and enacted the ' One Unit ' concept of political organisation in Pakistan.

Tension continued to grow amid consistent political disorder and instability at the federal level. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan. Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri led like-minded militants into guerrilla warfare from to by creating their own insurgent bases, spread out over 45, miles 72, km of land, from the Mengal tribal area in the south to the Marri and Bugti tribal areas in the north.

Their goal was to force Pakistan to share revenue generated from the Sui gas fields with the tribal leaders. The insurgents bombed railway tracks and ambushed convoys. The Army retaliated by destroying vast areas of the Marri tribe's land. This insurgency ended in , with the Baloch separatists agreeing to a ceasefire. In Pakistani President Yahya Khan abolished the "One Unit" policy, [ 70 ] which led to the recognition of Balochistan as the fourth province of West Pakistan present-day Pakistan , including all the Balochistani princely states, the High Commissioners Province, and Gwadar , an km 2 coastal area purchased from Oman by the Pakistani government.

The unrest continued into the s, culminating in a government-ordered military operation in the region in In , citing treason, President Bhutto dismissed the provincial governments of Balochistan and NWFP and imposed martial law in those areas, [ 71 ] which led to armed insurgency. Mir Hazar Khan Ramkhani formed the Balochistan People's Liberation Front BPLF , which led large numbers of Marri and Mengal tribesmen into guerrilla warfare against the central government [ 72 ] According to some authors, the Pakistani military lost around 3, men during the conflict with the Baloch separatists, while between 7, and 9, Baloch militants and civilians were killed.

Assisted by Iran, Pakistani forces inflicted heavy casualties on the separatists. The insurgency fell into decline after a return to the four-province structure and the abolishment of the Sardari system. In an insurgent attack on Gwadar port resulting in the deaths of three Chinese engineers and four wounded drew China into the conflict. Their stated demands included greater control of the province's resources and a moratorium on the construction of military bases.

The provincial interior secretary later said that, after visiting Kohlu , "both of them were wounded in the leg but both are in stable condition. In August , Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, 79 years old, was killed in fighting with the Pakistan Army, in which at least 60 Pakistani soldiers and 7 officers were also killed. Pakistan's government had charged him with responsibility of a series of deadly bomb blasts and a rocket attack on President Pervez Musharraf.

A cable from the American Embassy in Islamabad leaked by Wikileaks noted that "there seems to be little support in the province, beyond the Bugti tribe, for the current insurgency. In April , Baloch National Movement president Ghulam Mohammed Baloch and two other nationalist leaders Lala Munir and Sher Muhammad were seized from a small legal office and were allegedly "handcuffed, blindfolded and hustled into a waiting pickup truck which is in still [sic] use of intelligence forces in front of their lawyer and neighboring shopkeepers.

Five days later, on 8 April, their bullet-riddled bodies were found in a commercial area. The BLA claimed Pakistani forces were behind the killings, though international experts have deemed it odd that the Pakistani forces would be careless enough to allow the bodies to be found so easily and "light Balochistan on fire" Herald if they were truly responsible.

Reason for joining the separatist groups vary as some join them because of allure of power and excitement, a desire to honor their centuries-old tribal codes, gaining recognition for their region's distinct ethnicity or because of belief in hardline communism. Some even join the separatist group because their tribal leader told them to. The council's claimed domain includes Sistan and Baluchestan Province , as well as Pakistani Balochistan, but does not include Afghan Baloch regions.

The council claimed the allegiance of "all separatist leaders including Nawabzada Brahumdagh Bugti. Human right groups have accused Baloch separatist groups of being involved in grave human right violations. Separatist groups such as Baloch liberation army have been involved in attack on schools, teachers and students in the province. One of the Baloch separatist claim that what started as an idealistic political fight for his people's rights has turned into gangs extorting, kidnapping and even raping locals.

Only 33 percent of Baloch were in favour of independence. However, 67 percent of the people of Balochistan supported greater provincial autonomy. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. Part of a series on Baloch People. Talpur dynasty Modern Baloch nationalism.

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Balochistan history in hindi

Ancient period. Imperial period. Medieval period. Early modern period. Modern period. Qajar Iran — Pahlavi Iran — Contemporary period. Related articles. Ancient history [ edit ]. Medieval history [ edit ]. Arab Caliphates [ edit ]. Ghaznavid Empire [ edit ]. Arghun dynasty [ edit ]. Khanate of Kalat [ edit ]. Main articles: Khan of Kalat and Balochistan, Pakistan.

Modern history [ edit ]. British Indian Empire [ edit ]. Main article: Baluchistan Agency. Pakistan Movement [ edit ]. Insurgency in Balochistan [ edit ]. First conflict [ edit ]. Second conflict [ edit ]. Third conflict [ edit ]. Fourth conflict —77 [ edit ]. Further information: Baloch Insurgency and Rahimuddin's Stabilization.

Fifth conflict —to date [ edit ]. See also: Turbat killings. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Cambridge University Press. ISBN Columbia University Press. Retrieved 9 September It is not merely that the Hinduism of the domiciled Hindu families widely different from the Hinduism they see practised among the alien immigrants; there is precious little in their religion that would pass for Hinduism in more enlightened parts of India.

It almost looks as if the singular freedom from persecution which the old Hindu families have always enjoyed at the hands of their Musalman over-lords had given Islam greater scope to impart its subtle influence to their inward beliefs and outward practices. Knowing no sacred books but the Sikh scriptures , and with priests Brahmans though they may be as ignorant of the Shastras as themselves, these benighted Hindus have allowed nearly all their rites and ceremonies to become coloured with an Islamic tinge.

They reverently resort to Muhammadan shrines ; they invoke Muhammadan saints; in times of trouble they are glad of the help of charm mongering mullahs. It is not uncommon to find them observing Muhammadan fasts , or participating in the Muharram and other Muhammadan festivals. But though the Bhatia of Las Bela punctiliously refer their advent to the year A.

Everything, however, seems to point to the western Panjab and Sind as the countries from which most of them came, though isolated families in Nushki may have immigrated by way of Afghanistan , and a few others may have wandered in from the far corners of India. Originally they may have been as diverse as the villages from which they came and the dates of their coming.

Today the old Hindu families form a more or less homogeneous community. In particular customs no doubt they vary considerably; but common environment has set its common mark on them all. And it is in the effect of an alien environment on Hindus and Hindu caste that the main interest in these old trading families of Baluchistan is centred.

In other words, a Panchayat is a Panchayat not of caste-members but of the whole body of Hindus in a village community. It is indeed almost always sheer waste of time to question a member of one of these old Hindu families regarding his caste. Brahman he knows and Musalman he knows; and it is enough for him that he is neither the one nor the other, but a Hindu pure and simple.

Most of the families are undoubtedly Arora; some few are very possibly Khatri ; the Bhatia of Las Bela are probably Rajput. But these are distinctions too nice for a local Hindu; it is more than possible that he may never have heard the terms before. Nevertheless, though his mind may be a blank as to the name of his caste, he can sometimes give the name of his sub-caste—possibly a hoary name like Ahuja , possibly a newly coined name like Ramzai or Panjazai, modelled on the name of a tribal section.

But it is merely a matter of names after all. The Ramzai and the Panjazai and the Ahuja may have each some cherished peculiarities of their own. But such peculiarities strike no discord between them. The old Hindu families are a brotherhood of equals; among themselves they know no distinctions valid enough to influence the intercourse of everyday life.

The census counted a total of 51, Hindus in Balochistan, forming approximately 6. Hindus belonging to the indigenous tribes of the Balochistan region numbered 17, persons and formed 34 percent of the total Hindu population, while migrants from other regions of the country numbered 33, persons or 66 percent of the total Hindu population. The census counted a total of 53, Hindus in Balochistan, forming roughly 6.

Hindus associated with the indigenous tribes of the Balochistan region numbered 16, persons and formed nearly Conversely, migrants from other regions of the country numbered 36, persons and made up approximately After the partition of British India and the ensuing creation of Pakistan, much of the Hindus migrated to India, [ 9 ] particularly the Bhagnaris community.

According to the Census , Balochistan had approximately 39, Hindus including the Scheduled Castes constituting 0. There are 59, hindus in Balochistan. At the district level in Baluchistan Agency , as per the census, the largest Hindu concentrations existed in Quetta — Pishin District Hindus formed Only a minority of Baloch people are Hindus.

Compared to the rest of the country, the Hindus in Balochistan province are relatively more secure and face less religious persecution. The tribal chiefs in Balochistan, particularly the Jams of Lasbela and Bugti of Dera Bugti , consider non-Muslims including Hindus as members of their own extended family and allows religious freedom. They have never forced Hindus to convert.

In Balochistan Hindu places of worship are proportionate to their population. For example, between Uthal and Bela jurisdiction in Lasbela District , there are 18 temples for 5, Hindus living in the area, which is an indicator of religious freedom.