Adam mickiewicz born

All these served as inspiration for uprisings against the three imperial powers that had partitioned the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth out of existence. Mickiewicz was born in the Russian-partitioned territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania , which had been part of the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth , and was active in the struggle to win independence for his home region.

After, as a consequence, spending five years exiled to central Russia, in he succeeded in leaving the Russian Empire and, like many of his compatriots , lived out the rest of his life abroad. He was an activist, striving for a democratic and independent Poland. He died, probably of cholera , at Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire , where he had gone to help organize Polish forces to fight Russia in the Crimean War.

The region was on the periphery of Lithuania proper and had been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Third Partition of the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth Adam was the second-born son in the family. Mickiewicz spent his childhood in Navahrudak, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] initially taught by his mother and private tutors. From to he attended a Dominican school following a curriculum that had been designed by the now-defunct Polish Commission of National Education , which had been the world's first ministry of education.

In September , Mickiewicz enrolled at the Imperial University of Vilnius , studying to be a teacher. They were unable to marry due to his family's poverty and relatively low social status; in addition, she was already engaged to Count Wawrzyniec Puttkamer [ pl ] , whom she would marry in In , while still a student, Mickiewicz, Tomasz Zan and other friends had created a secret organization, the Philomaths.

Mickiewicz was welcomed into the leading literary circles of Saint Petersburg and Moscow, where he became a great favourite for his agreeable manners and an extraordinary talent for poetic improvisation. After serving five years of exile to Russia, Mickiewicz received permission to go abroad in On 1 June that year, he arrived in Weimar in Germany.

Finally about October he took up residence in Rome, which he declared "the most amiable of foreign cities. Starting in March , Mickiewicz stayed several months in Dresden, in Saxony , [ 24 ] [ 26 ] where he wrote the third part of his poem Dziady. On 31 July he arrived in Paris, accompanied by a close friend and fellow ex-Philomath, the future geologist and Chilean educator Ignacy Domeyko.

In he published another masterpiece, his epic poem Pan Tadeusz. Pan Tadeusz , his longest poetic work, marked the end of his most productive literary period. Mickiewicz and his family lived in relative poverty, their major source of income being occasional publication of his work — not a very profitable endeavor. Mickiewicz welcomed the Crimean War of —, which he hoped would lead to a new European order including a restored independent Poland.

Mickiewicz's remains were transported to France, boarding ship on 31 December , and were buried at Montmorency, Val-d'Oise , on 21 January Mickiewicz's childhood environment exerted a major influence on his literary work. His first poems, such as the Zima miejska City Winter and the Kartofla [ pl ] Potato , were classical in style, influenced by Voltaire.

Adam mickiewicz born

Pan Tadeusz Sir Thaddeus , published , another of his masterpieces, is an epic poem that draws a picture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the eve of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. The occasional poems that Mickiewicz wrote in his final decades have been described as "exquisite, gnomic, extremely short and concise". In Polish literature, they are examples of that pure poetry that verges on silence.

In the s as early as ; as late as he worked on a futurist or science-fiction work, A History of the Future [ pl ]. Adam Mickiewicz did not write any poems in Lithuanian. However, it is known that Mickiewicz did have some understanding of the Lithuanian language, although some Polish commentators describe it as limited. He has been described as a "Slavic bard.

The works of Mickiewicz also promoted the Lithuanian National Revival and the development of national self-awareness. Mickiewicz's importance extends beyond literature to the broader spheres of culture and politics; Wyka writes that he was a "singer and epic poet of the Polish people and a pilgrim for the freedom of nations. For men of my generation, he was milk and honey, gall and life's blood: we all descend from him.

He carried us off on the surging billow of his inspiration and cast us into the world. Its base carries the inscription, "To the Poet from the People. Much has been written about Mickiewicz, though the vast majority of this scholarly and popular literature is available only in Polish. Works devoted to him, according to Koropeckyi, author of a English biography, "could fill a good shelf or two.

Some sources assert that Mickiewicz's mother was descended from a converted, Frankist Jewish family. Virgil Krapauskas noted that "Lithuanians like to prove that Adam Mickiewicz was Lithuanian" [ ] while Tomas Venclova described this attitude as "the story of Mickiewicz's appropriation by Lithuanian culture ". To Mickiewicz, a splitting of that multicultural state into separate entities — due to trends such as Lithuanian National Revival — was undesirable, [ 12 ] if not outright unthinkable.

Ojczyzno moja! It is generally accepted, however, that Mickiewicz, when referring to Lithuania, meant a historical region rather than a linguistic and cultural entity, and he often applied the term "Lithuanian" to the Slavic inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools.

Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item. Polish national poet, writer, and political activist — For the surname, see Mickiewicz surname. For the crater on Mercury, see Mickiewicz crater. Poet dramatist essayist professor of literature. Celina Szymanowska. Life [ edit ]. Early years [ edit ].

Imprisonment and exile [ edit ]. European travels [ edit ]. Final years [ edit ]. Works [ edit ]. Lithuanian language [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Museums [ edit ]. Finally about October he took up residence in Rome, which he declared "the most amiable of foreign cities. On 31 July he arrived in Paris, accompanied by a close friend and fellow ex-Philomath, the future geologist and Chilean educator Ignacy Domeyko.

Pan Tadeusz, his longest poetic work, marked the end of his most productive literary period. Mickiewicz and his family lived in relative poverty, their major source of income being occasional publication of his work — not a very profitable endeavor. Mickiewicz welcomed the Crimean War of , which he hoped would lead to a new European order including a restored independent Poland.

Mickiewicz's remains were transported to France, boarding ship on 31 December , and were buried at Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, on 21 January Mickiewicz's childhood environment exerted a major influence on his literary work. His first poems, such as the "Zima miejska" "City Winter" and the "Kartofla" "Potato" , were classical in style, influenced by Voltaire.

One of his major works, Dziady Forefathers' Eve , comprises several parts written over an extended period of time. Mickiewicz's Konrad Wallenrod , a narrative poem describing battles of the Christian order of Teutonic Knights against the pagans of Lithuania, [14] is a thinly veiled allusion to the long feud between Russia and Poland. Pan Tadeusz published , another of his masterpieces, is an epic poem that draws a picture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the eve of Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

He has been described as a "Slavic bard". Mickiewicz's importance extends beyond literature to the broader spheres of culture and politics; Wyka writes that he was a "singer and epic poet of the Polish people, and a pilgrim for the freedom of nations. He carried us off on the surging billow of his inspiration and cast us into the world.

Its base carries the inscription, "To the Poet from the People". A number of museums in Europe are dedicated to Mickiewicz. Warsaw has an Adam Mickiewicz Museum of Literature. Much has been written about Mickiewicz, though the vast majority of this scholarly and popular literature is available only in Polish. Works devoted to him, according to Koropeckyi, author of a English biography, "could fill a good shelf or two".

Adam Mickiewicz, whose works were written in the Polish language, [69] is generally known as a Polish poet. Some sources assert that Mickiewicz's mother was descended from a converted, Frankist Jewish family. On 1 June that year, he arrived in Weimar. By 6 June he was in Berlin, where he attended lectures by the philosopher Hegel. In February he visited Prague, later returning to Weimar, where he received a cordial reception from the writer, scientist and politician Goethe.

Finally about October he took up residence in Rome, which he declared "the most amiable of foreign cities. It is possible that during these travels he carried communications from the Italian Carbonari to the French underground, and delivered documents or money for the Polish insurgents from the Polish community in Paris, but reliable information on his activities at the time is scarce.

Ultimately he never crossed into Russian Poland, where the Uprising was mainly happening; he stayed in German Poland historically known to Poles as Wielkopolska, or Greater Poland , where he was well received by members of the local Polish nobility. Starting in March , Mickiewicz stayed several months in Dresden, in Saxony, where he wrote the third part of his poem Dziady.

The fall of saw the publication, in Paris, of the third part of his Dziady smuggled into partitioned Poland , as well as of The Books of the Polish People and of the Polish Pilgrimage, which Mickiewicz self-published. In he published another masterpiece, his epic poem Pan Tadeusz. Pan Tadeusz, his longest poetic work, marked the end of his most productive literary period.

Mickiewicz would create further notable works, such as Lausanne Lyrics, —40 and Zdania i uwagi Thoughts and Remarks, —40 , but neither would achieve the fame of his earlier works. His relative literary silence, beginning in the mids, has been variously interpreted: he may have lost his talent; he may have chosen to focus on teaching and on political writing and organizing.

Celina later became mentally ill, possibly with a major depressive disorder. In December , marital problems caused Mickiewicz to attempt suicide. Celina would die on 5 March Mickiewicz and his family lived in relative poverty, their major source of income being occasional publication of his work — not a very profitable endeavor. They received support from friends and patrons, but not enough to substantially change their situation.

Despite spending most of his remaining years in France, Mickiewicz would never receive French citizenship, nor any support from the French government. Leaving Lausanne, he was made an honorary Lausanne Academy professor. His lectures were popular, drawing many listeners in addition to enrolled students, and receiving reviews in the press. Some would be remembered much later; his sixteenth lecture, on Slavic theater, "was to become a kind of gospel for Polish theater directors of the twentieth century.

His lectures became a medley of religion and politics, punctuated by controversial attacks on the Catholic Church, and thus brought him under censure by the French government. In Mickiewicz befriended American journalist, critic and women's-rights advocate Margaret Fuller. In March he was part of a Polish delegation received in audience by Pope Pius IX, whom he asked to support the enslaved nations and the French Revolution of Soon after, in April , he organized a military unit, the Mickiewicz Legion, to support the insurgents, hoping to liberate the Polish and other Slavic lands.

The unit never became large enough to be more than symbolic, and in the fall of Mickiewicz returned to Paris and became more active again on the political scene. Mickiewicz wrote over 70 articles for the Tribune during its short existence: it came out between 15 March and 10 November , when the authorities shut it down. His articles supported democracy and socialism and many ideals of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic era, though he held few illusions regarding the idealism of the House of Bonaparte.

He supported the restoration of the French Empire in There he was visited by another Polish poet, Cyprian Norwid, who wrote of the meeting in his poem, "Czarne kwiaty" "Black Blossoms" ; and there Mickiewicz's wife Celina died. Mickiewicz welcomed the Crimean War of —, which he hoped would lead to a new European order including a restored independent Poland.

Soon after the Crimean War broke out October , the French government entrusted him with a diplomatic mission. Mickiewicz's remains were transported to France, boarding ship on 31 December , and were buried at Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, on 21 January Works Mickiewicz's childhood environment exerted a major influence on his literary work. His early years were shaped by immersion in folklore and by vivid memories, which he later reworked in his poems, of the ruins of Navahrudak Castle and of the triumphant entry and disastrous retreat of Polish and Napoleonic troops during Napoleon's invasion of Russia, when Mickiewicz was just a teenager.

The year also marked his father's death. Later, the poet's personality and subsequent works were greatly influenced by his four years of living and studying in Vilnius. His first poems, such as the "Zima miejska" "City Winter" and the "Kartofla" "Potato" , were classical in style, influenced by Voltaire. Mickiewicz's influence popularized the use of folklore, folk literary forms, and historism in Polish romantic literature.

His exile to Moscow exposed him to a cosmopolitan environment, more international than provincial Vilnius and Kaunas in Lithuania. This period saw a further evolution in his writing style, with Sonety Sonnets, and Konrad Wallenrod , both published in Russia. The Sonety, mainly comprising his Crimean Sonnets, highlight the poet's ability and desire to write, and his longing for his homeland.

One of his major works, Dziady Forefathers' Eve , comprises several parts written over an extended period of time. It began with publication of parts II and IV in Its title refers to the pagan ancestor commemoration that had been practiced by Slavic and Baltic peoples on All Souls' Day. The year saw the publication of part III: much superior to the earlier parts, a "laboratory of innovative genres, styles and forms".